HIV is a problematic condition that attacks the immune system of the body, making it vulnerable to several infections. The initial cases of HIV were discovered in 1980s and since then millions of individuals have suffered from this disease. While there is no known cure for this condition, through treatment, the virus can be controlled. HIV prevention is possible through increased awareness about the ways in which this virus is transmitted between individuals.

The main way of transmission of the virus is through vaginal, anal or oral sex with an infected person. HIV also spreads through sharing of infected needles during drug use. The virus can also be transmitted through blood transfusion if infected blood is used and it can be transmitted by an infected mother to her child during labor or childbirth as well as through breastfeeding. The only sure way of preventing the condition is to abstain from sex. However following safe sex practices can also reduce the possibility of getting this infection.

HIV prevention is also possible by knowing the HIV status of the partner before indulging in sexual activity. Using condoms can also help in preventing HIV infection. Men allergic to latex condoms can opt for polyurethane condoms. It is important to use condoms during all types of sexual contact including oral, vaginal and anal sex. HIV can also be prevented by practicing monogamy. Birth control pill, diaphragms and shots cannot provide protection from HIV.

HIV prevention is also possible immediately after a person suspects a possible exposure. In case of a possible exposure, the doctor may prescribe post exposure prophylaxis drugs and these drugs can help in lowering the chances of getting HIV. However these drugs are effective only if the person sees the doctor in a period of 48 to 72 hours after the possible exposure. These drugs may result in some side effects but they need to be taken at the same time each day for a period of 28 days. Currently no drugs are available that can be taken to prevent HIV before being exposed to the virus.

Drug users in the habit of sharing needles are also at a risk of suffering from HIV infection. Sharing of unclean needles can cause infected blood to come in contact with your body, resulting in transmission of the virus. It is important to ensure that clean needles are used for HIV prevention. Sharing of needles should be avoided and it is also important to ensure that tattoo or piercing equipment is properly sterilized. It is advisable for illegal drug users to stop using drugs and start a substance abuse program and complete it. In case of individuals who need to use syringes for prescribed drugs, it is important to use new and sterile needles from reliable sources. All needles and syringes used should be thrown away after one use.

Transmission of HIV virus from an infected mother to her child can be prevented if the HIV positive woman started treatment for her condition early on in the pregnancy. This treatment is also continued at the time of labor as well as delivery and is also given to the infant following the birth.